Terrorist Modus Operandi The Mumbai Attack 26/11 †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Terrorist Modus Operandi The Mumbai Attack: 26/11. Answer: Introduction The event of 26th November 2008 Mumbai attack has been selected in order to discuss the attack and the justice carried out. This report describes the 26/11 Mumbai attack that took place in India in the year 2008. The attack was launched on 26th November and continued till 29th November resulting in loss of many lives of police force and civilians. The problems with navy force and the lack of training to Mumbai police were the reasons that this attack happened with such a severe impact. The government of India took the steps to provide required aid to police by affiliating them with the advanced technology and weapons (Times of India, 2017). In the context developed above, this report has been prepared to discuss the 26/11 attack and perpetrators of the attack. Further, the discussion extends to the targeting tactics used by the perpetrators in conducting the attack. The impact of this attack on the country has also been analysed. Event Map It has been nine long years when the Mumbai attack took place in Hotel Taj and since then but the image of that event in the mind of people still persists. The Mumbai attack is popularly known as 26/11 attack that took place on 26th November 2008, Wednesday at midnight. The terrorists came in India through the water ways by hijacking the boat and the one with whom they came was also the Indian. It was Kasabs first operation as per his confession. There were two terrorists who blasted themselves at Jewish community center situated at Nariman house at Colaba, Mumbai. There were around 8 planned attacks that happened in India in Mumbai city in which total 171 people lost their lives and around 250 people were badly wounded. The identification of terrorist was made and 2 attackers, Nasir alias Abu Umar, who belongs to Faisalabad (Pakistan) and another person was Babar Imran alias Abu Akasha who was from Multan (Pakistan). The assaulter kidnapped many people out of which one was a hostage couple and other 4 were the visitors (Start.umd.edu, 2017). The child hostage along with the nanny rushed out of the place wisely to get an escape and help their members in a possible manner. The responsibility of this attack was taken by Deccan Mujahideen which was not so popular terrorist group before this attack. But yet the conformity was not gained; only estimates were made that these people and the group belong to Pakistan and the actual le ader or group behind this massive attack was Lashkar-e-Tayyaba (LeT). On investigating the person of Lashkar gave the statement that they were not responsible for these attacks. One of the assaulters was caught namely Ajmal Kasab who admitted that they were planning for this attack from last 6 months and came into Mumbai through waterways and resided in Mumbai to know about the places and locality, selecting the area with a high population so that maximum devastation could take place. The idea was to kill about 5,000 people in this attack and the basic target were foreigners visiting India (Maps of India, 2017). Kasab visited Mumbai as the student and evaluated the entire area and the best place has been selected where huge crowd gathers, the entire screening has been made to implement the planning and decreases the chances of failure and by carefully handling the situation (Debu, 2017). Kasab, at last, confessed that he was the member of Lashkar-e-Tayyaba from the suicide squad. Also in trials, Kasab openly talked about the mastermind that was involved in this attack and some other assaults that took place in the previously. In the year 2010, Kasab was sentenced to death for killing innocent people thereby being the major part of the mass destruction. The attack type was armed assault and kidnapping of people. The status of attack was successful and the target was Chabad-Lubavitch center, Hotel Taj, and the main location was Nariman point. There were total 6 hostages out of whom no one was from the US and they were kidnapped for 2 days of which some hostages were killed. The loss to the pro perty was less than $1 million but the life destruction was major that left the imprint in the history and many commandoes sacrificed their lives as well and every year this date is remembered and people mourn for the departed souls (India TV news, 2017). Date Hotel Taj Palace The Oberoi-Trident Nariman House Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus 26th November 2008 The attack started around 9:43pm. The hostages were kidnapped and bombing started. The tandoor chef was shot dead on the spot by the terrorist. Gun firing took place at the Oberoi and the gatekeeper was killed on the spot. In the lobby the grenade explosion took place. The attack happened was on the Chabad House which was the Jews community centre, it was located in Colaba and the hostages and many other Jew people were trapped over there. Many out of them were the visitors from around the world. 2 commandos went to the railway station and there were 4 terrorists involved in the firing at the place. Among the four there were two terrorists that were caught out of which Ajmal Kasab who was the one who was the only which were captured alive and the justice has been drawn out. The firing end up at 10:45 pm IST and it was found that 52 people were dead and 100 people were heavily injured. 27th November 2008 Group of 200 commandoes headed to Mumbai from Delhi. The arms have arrived by now and rescue operation had started. People were praying for the safety of their loved ones. The hotel started to vacant and around 31 people were rescued by the time. The fire explosion took place at 4th floor. Commandoes came for the rescue but the terrorists were well planned and they destroyed all the entry points to create more difficulty for the commandoes to enter into the building. 28th November 2008 The explosion of ten grenades took place within the premises of Hotel Taj Palace. The rescue program was concluded by now and the 2 terrorists that were involved have been killed. Around nine hostages were killed and the NSG team landed on the terrace through the air drops. The explosion and heavy firing took place. 29th November 2008 The Hotel was vacated and the savage was made. At NSG and JJ hospitals the beds and wards were full and constant body bags were arriving. Perpetrators The brief description of the Perpetrators and masterminds behind the Mumbai attack has been quoted underneath: Mohammed Ajmal Amir Kasab There was the only one attacker caught alive by commandos and it was Kasab, aged only 21-years. The only picture that supported the involvement of Kasab was the one in which he was walking at the CST station with AK-47 which gave the recognition and helped the army to catch him. He was basically from Faridkot village which is situated in Dipalpur taluka at Okara district within Pakistans Punjab province. Kasab was initially a small thief before joining Lashkar-e-Tayyaba. For the operation of 26/11, the code was assigned to Kasab so that identity does not get revealed in case if the police is able to catch him. In May 2010 Ajmal Kasab was sentenced to death and on November 21, 2012, he was hanged till death (India today, 2012). Hafiz Mohammed Saeed Saeed was an escape from the 26/11 attack and played a major role in programming the entire attack. He was one of the trainer and member of Lashkar. Along with Saeed, there were 2 more Pakistani professors namely Zafar Iqbal Abdul Rehman Makki. He was also involved in many Anti-India insurgencies that happened in Kashmir (India) or any other attack that took place in India leaving people fiercely. Hafiz Saeed was the chief conspirator to plan the Mumbai attack and he also took part in providing training to 10 terrorists who were involved in the 26/11 (Indian Express, 2017). Zarar Shah Shah was another leader that provided training to the terrorists in context of Mumbai attack. He constantly monitored the training session and even he continued to be in touch with the group at the time of the attack. The Anti-Terror Squad recorded the calls of Zarar with that of the terrorists. He got arrested after the scenario of 26/11 along with companion Zaki-ur-Rehman Lakhvi. The report states that while in custody Shah confessed regarding his role in the 26/11 attack (Mumbai Mirror, 2017). Abu Kahfa Abu Kahfa was anescape from 26/11 case and he played the lead role in planning the destruction of Mumbai 26/11 Attack. He was the mentor of Ajmal Kasab along with the remaining 9 accused. He monitored the training program and made terrorist learn the crucial points in the context of the attack. Kahfa's name was first released when the team was figured out by the Anti-Terrorism Squad in relation to the Mumbai attack. He was just not physically present on the attack site but he was constantly passing on information to the terrorists over their phones (Chaturvedi Sen, 2017). Along with these attackers, there were certainly more muggers involved. Analysing the situation the defect of attack could be clearly understood and it could be estimated form this that behind such havoc a big team was involved and many people played various and crucial role in incorporating the fearful event of destruction. Some of the other people related to the 26/11 attack were Javed Iqbal, Abu Al Qama, Abu Hamza, Yusuf Alias Muzammil and Colonel R. Saadat Ullah (The Indian Express, 2017). Tactics Rationale The tactical rationale analysis has been implemented to examine the actual issue and all the tactics which have been used to synthesize the information related to the battle and bloodshed that took place (Pawar, 2017). The analysis has been conducted with the assistance of OODA loop. This loop is based on military cycle which is used to win the battle. OODA stands for Observation, Orientation, Decision and Action (Close quarter combat, 2017). Stage 1: Observation The observation argues that the power of Indian intelligence service lies in the fact that the network of police must be aware of the scene and should monitor the suspicious entry of terrorists. Analysing and reviewing the present case, it could be quoted that in the present scenario wherein several technologies have been developed and intelligence machines have been developed. There has been forecast that LeT will cross the borders and it has been identified that some fishy things are going to take place; therefore, it was necessary that Indian intelligence makes pre-preparation to safeguard the country. Due to certain slips and ignorance, Indian navy was not able to predict the arrival of terrorist in the nation. The situation could have been controlled if Indian army and Mumbai police were more aware about the signals. Thirty-five new sim cards were purchased; however, the police took the actions later after getting the information. It could be depicted that LeT have been well-prepared than the Indian army. As a result, such an event took place successfully and caused disasters in the lives of people as well broke down the economy of the country (Machold, 2017). Stage 2: Orientation When the attack took place, the police was needed to take the responsibility and should have performed the immediate actions. However, contrary to it, the police denied the occurrence of such an event. Later, the inspector responsible for the action was suspended and the responsibility was handed over to police housing. In comparison to the tension in the situation, the police was not much trained as well as they were not having efficient and advanced artillery. When the commandoes from the military came and took over the charge then only the situation became under control. The attack was made is in the military style and the training was provided to the ten people which was also high class (Sen Dutta, 2017). Stage 3: Decision The decisions are the best suitable solutions to resolve the issue and solving the scenario. The entire planning has to be made and the optimum solution needs to be identified for every operation. The best decision has to be taken under the challenging situation. There was a lot of political pressure on the police and military because important people were staying in Hotel Taj and a number of lives were at risk. In Oberoi, around 31 soldiers got injured though they had the best training. The decision has to be taken by the commander; therefore, police should have undergone the detection process. Also the observation was not very specific to reach the good decisions (The Hindu, 2009). Stage 4: Action After the decision making has taken place, the final implementation of actions done. The results should be estimated in such a manner which matches the understanding of the rivals. The police were not able to obtain the information and figure out the plan that is to be carried out. The police and the intelligence officers could have acted well if appropriate training has been provided to the police (Menon, 2016). The police should have been more aware and they should have figured the attack earlier using advanced technology. The Indian navy must have caught the suspects and spotted them when they crossed the borders. The terrorists were not well-trained and planned an advanced attack. The commandoes handled the situation and wisely construed a plan to stay a step ahead of the terrorists. They were well trained and fought the situation in an extremely wise manner. Due to this incident, the economy faced ample amount of fall which affected the GDP of country to the great extent (Khan, Estrada Yusof, 2016) Impact Assessment The fear of terrorism has been increasing all over the world and has become a huge threat. The terrorist attacks are frequent in the world. Most of these activities are carried by Lashkar-e-Tayyaba (LeT). The 26/11 attack which took place in Mumbai was fierce and scary and destroyed a large number of innocent lives. The attack started on 26th November 2017 and ended on 29th November 2017 (Acharya, 2017). Sixty crucial hours were spent in terrific situations threatening the life of people in Mumbai. The ten attackers were well trained and had advanced technology and weapons. Around 260 people were killed who belonged to 10 different countries (Morakabati Beavis, 2017). The modus operandi of the attack has been explained in detail and an investigation report has been made by Indian Government which has been shared with the Government of Pakistan. The terrorism is represented as network activity which used the technique commonly stated as Social Network Analysis (SNA). It studies the s ocial relationships represented by the nodes and the ties. Upon researching, it was found that the terrorist and the members of the terrorist group are known as the nodes and the healthy flourishing relationship between these members are referred to be ties among these nodes. After the attack of 9/11 in the World Trade Centre, the study of SNA has increased and research in the counter terrorist activities has increased. The capability of SNA is evaluated to elucidate the activities of the group, selecting the target and deciding the motives that behind these attack (Azad Gupta, 2017). Conclusion The report argues over the terrorist attack which took place in India destroying the amenities and breaking down the value of money along with destructing the economic condition of the country. Initially, the event map has been discussed by giving the blueprint of the popular event 26/11 Mumbai attack in India. Thereafter, the study was made over perpetrators who were involved in the Mumbai attack and investigation was made which states regarding the terrorist activities. The assessment has been conducted and the target was identified. Tactics rationale is thoroughly described in stages and the conclusion has been drawn out of it. Lastly, the impact of the assessment has been made which describes the damages caused and injuries which have occurred. The attack was massive loss to humanity and the threat towards the country also increased, it even affected the tourism for long period of time. The lack of police efforts and less provision of weapons and other facilities were noticed. Be tter training to police should be provided along with better invigilation at the borders and navy areas to avoid the suspects to enter and destroy the country. References Acharya, A., 2017. Fighting Terrorism and Crime.Non-Traditional Security Challenges in Asia: Approaches and Responses, p.220. Azad.S., Gupta.A., 2017, A quantitative assessment on 26/11 Mumbai attack using social network analysis, viewed on 8th November 2017, https://jtr.st-andrews.ac.uk/articles/10.15664/jtr.187/. Close quarters combat, 2017, Tactical analysis of the 2008 terror attacks on Mumbai, viewed on 8th November 2017, https://www.closequarterscombat.net/tactical-analysis-terror-attacks-mumbai-2008/. Debu, 2017, Mumbai Terror Attack: no lessons learnt from 26/11, viewed on 8th November 2017, https://www.mapsofindia.com/my-india/government/revisiting-mumbai-terror-attack-no-lessons-learnt-from-2611. India today, 2012, Ajmal Kasab hanged: he swore to God that he would never commit 26/11-type mistake, viewed on 8th November 2017, https://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/ajmal-kasab-hanged-his-last-word-mumbai-terror-attack/1/230206.html. India TV news, 2017, Facts to know about 26/11 Mumbai attacks, viewed on 8th November 2017, https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/facts-to-know-about-26-11-mumbai-attacks-44584.html. Indian Express, 2017, Mumbai terror attack mastermind Hafiz Saeed under house arrest: Reports, viewed on 8th November 2017, https://indianexpress.com/article/india/mumbai-26-11-mastermind-hafiz-muhammad-saeed-under-house-arrest-in-pakistan-reports-4499599/. Khan, A., Estrada, M.A.R. and Yusof, Z., 2016. Terrorism and India: an economic perspective.Quality Quantity,50(4), pp.1833-1844. Machold, R., 2017. Militarising Mumbai? The Politics of Response. Mumbai Must be Secured. Now!.ContextoInternacional,39(3), pp.477-498. Maps of India, 2017, Mumbai terror attacks, viewed on 8th November 2017, https://www.mapsofindia.com/mumbai/mumbai-terror-attacks.html. Menon. S., 2016, Why India didnt attack Pakistan after 26/11 Mumbai attack, viewed on 8th November 2017, https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/29lXP57cHDAloqUf2uJOHM/Why-India-didnt-attack-Pakistan-after-2611-Mumbai-attacks.html. Morakabati, Y. and Beavis, J., 2017. Do Terrorist Attacks Leave an Identifiable Fingerprinton International Tourist Arrival Data?.International Journal of Tourism Research,19(2), pp.179-190. Mumbai Mirror, 2017, Ties with Zarar Shah tighten Headley's link with 26/11 case, viewed on 8th November 2017, https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/Ties-with-Zarar-Shah-tighten-Headleys-link-with-26/11-case/articleshow/15970605.cms. Pawar, O.S., 2017. Terrorist Attacks on Mumbai and Role of Pakistan. Rediff, 2016, LeT#2 Abu Kahfa instructed 26/11 terrorists over thephone: Headley, viewed on 8th November 2017, https://news.rediff.com/commentary/2016/feb/11/let-2-abu-khafa-instructed-2611-terrorists-over-phone-headley/22754310842495ba8fa0a2709764ddb9. Sen, S. and Dutta, U., 2017. They Came by Boat: The 2008 Terrorist Attack on Mumbai.Culture and Crisis Communication: Transboundary Cases from Nonwestern Perspectives, p.119. Start.umd.edu, 2017, Global terrorism database, viewed on 8th November 2017, https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=200811260001. The Hindu, 2009, Police decision to enter Cana was sudden: 26/11 probe, viewed on 8th November 2017, https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Police-decision-to-enter-Cama-was-sudden-2611-probe/article16854736.ece. The Indian Express, 2017, Perpetrators and masterminds of the 26/11 Mumbai terror attacks, viewed on 8th November 2017, https://indianexpress.com/article/26-11/timeline/perpetrators-and-masterminds-of-the-2611-mumbai-terror-attacks/. Times of India, 2017, What happened on 26/11? 10 key points, viewed on 8th November 2017, https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/what-happened-on-26/11-10-key-points/listshow/55631763.cms. Bibliography Acharya, A., 2017. Fighting Terrorism and Crime.Non-Traditional Security Challenges in Asia: Approaches and Responses, p.220. Azad.S., Gupta.A., 2017, A quantitative assessment on 26/11 Mumbai attack using social network analysis, viewed on 8th November 2017, https://jtr.st-andrews.ac.uk/articles/10.15664/jtr.187/. Boston, 2017, The big picture, viewed on 8th November 2017, https://archive.boston.com/bigpicture/2008/11/mumbai_under_attack.html. Close quarters combat, 2017, Tactical analysis of the 2008 terror attacks on Mumbai, viewed on 8th November 2017, https://www.closequarterscombat.net/tactical-analysis-terror-attacks-mumbai-2008/. Debu, 2017, Mumbai Terror Attack: no lessons learnt from 26/11, viewed on 8th November 2017, https://www.mapsofindia.com/my-india/government/revisiting-mumbai-terror-attack-no-lessons-learnt-from-2611. Hindustan Times, 2009, Timeline: Mumbai 26/11 attacks, viewed on 8th November 2017, https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/timeline-mumbai-26-11-attacks/story-2u70QNcCy5uHlbiWTSvSNI.html. India today, 2012, Ajmal Kasab hanged: he swore to God that he would never commit 26/11-type mistake, viewed on 8th November 2017, https://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/ajmal-kasab-hanged-his-last-word-mumbai-terror-attack/1/230206.html. India TV news, 2017, Facts to know about 26/11 Mumbai attacks, viewed on 8th November 2017, https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/facts-to-know-about-26-11-mumbai-attacks-44584.html. Indian Express, 2017, Mumbai terror attack mastermind Hafiz Saeed under house arrest: Reports, viewed on 8th November 2017, https://indianexpress.com/article/india/mumbai-26-11-mastermind-hafiz-muhammad-saeed-under-house-arrest-in-pakistan-reports-4499599/. Khan, A., Estrada, M.A.R. and Yusof, Z., 2016. Terrorism and India: an economic perspective.Quality Quantity,50(4), pp.1833-1844. Machold, R., 2017. Militarising Mumbai? The Politics of Response. Mumbai Must be Secured. Now!.ContextoInternacional,39(3), pp.477-498. Maps of India, 2017, Mumbai terror attacks, viewed on 8th November 2017, https://www.mapsofindia.com/mumbai/mumbai-terror-attacks.html. Menon. S., 2016, Why India didnt attack Pakistan after 26/11 Mumbai attack, viewed on 8th November 2017, https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/29lXP57cHDAloqUf2uJOHM/Why-India-didnt-attack-Pakistan-after-2611-Mumbai-attacks.html. Morakabati, Y. and Beavis, J., 2017. Do Terrorist Attacks Leave an Identifiable Fingerprinton International Tourist Arrival Data?.International Journal of Tourism Research,19(2), pp.179-190. Mumbai Mirror, 2017, Ties with Zarar Shah tighten Headley's link with 26/11 case, viewed on 8th November 2017, https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/Ties-with-Zarar-Shah-tighten-Headleys-link-with-26/11-case/articleshow/15970605.cms. Pawar, O.S., 2017. Terrorist Attacks on Mumbai and Role of Pakistan. Rediff, 2016, LeT#2 Abu Kahfa instructed 26/11 terrorists over thephone: Headley, viewed on 8th November 2017, https://news.rediff.com/commentary/2016/feb/11/let-2-abu-khafa-instructed-2611-terrorists-over-phone-headley/22754310842495ba8fa0a2709764ddb9. Rediff, 2017, Many more questions about the terror attack, viewed on 8th November 2017, https://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/01mumterror-some-questions-about-the-terror-attacks.htm. Sen, S. and Dutta, U., 2017. They Came by Boat: The 2008 Terrorist Attack on Mumbai.Culture and Crisis Communication: Transboundary Cases from Nonwestern Perspectives, p.119. Start.umd.edu, 2017, Global terrorism database, viewed on 8th November 2017, https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=200811260001. The Economic Times a, 2017, 26/11 Mumbai attack trial, viewed on 8th November 2017, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/topic/26-11-Mumbai-attack-trial. The Economic Times b, 2017, India reluctant to send 24 witnesses to Pak in 26/11 Mumbai attack vase: Pakistan, viewed on 8th November 2017, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/india-reluctant-to-send-24-witnesses-to-pak-in-26/11-mumbai-attack-case-pakistan/articleshow/57652968.cms. The Hindu, 2009, Police decision to enter Cana was sudden: 26/11 probe, viewed on 8th November 2017, https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Police-decision-to-enter-Cama-was-sudden-2611-probe/article16854736.ece. The Indian Express, 2017, Perpetrators and masterminds of the 26/11 Mumbai terror attacks, viewed on 8th November 2017, https://indianexpress.com/article/26-11/timeline/perpetrators-and-masterminds-of-the-2611-mumbai-terror-attacks/. Times of India, 2017, What happened on 26/11? 10 key points, viewed on 8th November 2017, https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/what-happened-on-26/11-10-key-points/listshow/55631763.cms.

The eNotes Blog Judging a Book By ItsCover

Judging a Book By ItsCover A six year-old judges classic novels solely on their covers. At a loss as to how to explain the premise of more than a dozen classic works to her kindergarten-aged daughter, one blogger mom decided to find out how they might appear to the mind of a small child. The results will amuse and surprise you, mostly for the fact that six year-olds expect any book they come across to have a good really nice ending. How wrong they are But dont worry, no childhood innocence was crushed in the making of this article. The Great Gatsby I think its a book about a haunted theme park and it stars a magical magic guy and hes good and evil and hes trying to get rid of the ghosts. And I think at the end, since its haunted by a ghost, he tried to make the park go on fire and it did. Animal Farm It looks like a book for kids. I think it’s about a donkey and a pig that do not like each other and they both live on a farm for animals. The same farm. It looks like it would be a funny book with a good really nice ending. One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest I think it’s a book for kiddies, it’s a colorful book. I think it’s about a tiny bird that flew over a cuckoo birds nest, that is why it’s named that. It looks like a really sweet kiddy book. Wuthering Heights â€Å"It looks weird. I think this must be a book about a tree. I would not read a book about just a tree. And it looks like it’s a sad tree too since it has no friends.† A Clockwork Orange It’s about a person who is a robot, a very colorful robot. He’s pretty fancy for a robot. The Fellowship of the Ring This book is about a tree on a hill. The tree is the star of the book and it’s a very nice tree but everyone else is mean. I think the tree has a magical ring and some evil guys capture the ring and put him on the top of the hill so they can watch him. Farenheit 451 â€Å"I think this is about a gigantic robot who goes on fire and he doesn’t like himself. It has a sad ending. It looks like a book for teens. The title means fire, a really really really big fire since the number is 451, that would mean it was really hot. So the robot must get really hot. Maybe that is why he is so sad.† And just for fun Fifty Shades of Grey On the cover is a very weird looking Zebra. The book is about a zebra that wears pants. It’s a drama book about this zebra guy who likes to go fishing for aces. Click here for more hilarious and heartwarming summaries from the mind of a six year-old. Judging a Book by ItsCover Can you judge a book by its cover? Cricket House Book Design thinks so. Well, actually, this innovative company is bestowing new life on vetted classics, giving them much-needed and stunning updates. While Kindles and other e-Readers continue to take over more and more of the market, there are still plenty of bibliophiles who desire a real, print book in their hands and want their libraries to reflect the beauty of those pages, both inside and out. Each selection designed by Cricket House is also accompanied by the passage which inspired the art. Here are just a few of the stunning covers available. Simply click the Amazon link below each title on Cricket Houses website to order your own piece of literary loveliness. Alices Adventures in Wonderland So she sat on, with closed eyes, and half believed herself in Wonderland, though she knew she had but to open them again, and all would change to dull reality- the grass would be only rustling in the wind, and the pool rippling to the waving of the reeds- the rattling teacups would change to tinkling sheep-bells, and the Queens shrill cries to the voice of the shepherd boy- and the sneeze of the baby, the shriek of the Gryphon, and all the other queer noises, would change (she knew) to the confused clamour of the busy farm-yard- while the lowing of the cattle in the distance would take the place of the Mock Turtles heavy sobs. ~Alice in Wonderland, Ch. 12 Jane Eyre It was enough that in yonder closet, opposite my dressing-table, garments said to be hers had already displaced my black stuff Lowood frock and straw bonnet: for not to me appertained that suit of wedding raiment; the pearl-coloured robe, the vapoury veil pendent from the usurped portmanteau.   I shut the closet to conceal the strange, wraith-like apparel it contained; which, at this evening hour- nine o’clock- gave out certainly a most ghostly shimmer through the shadow of my apartment.   I will leave you by yourself, white dream, I said.   I am feverish: I hear the wind blowing: I will go out of doors and feel it.' ~Jane Eyre, Ch. 25 Beowulf The flower of thy might lasts now a while: but erelong it shall be that sickness or sword thy strength shall minish, or fang of fire, or flooding billow, or bite of blade, or brandished spear, or odious age; or the eyes clear beam wax dull and darken: Death even thee in haste shall oerwhelm, thou hero of war! ~ Beowulf, Ch. 25 Oliver Twist And what an excellent example of the power of dress young Oliver Twist was. Wrapped in the blanket which had hitherto formed his only covering, he might have been the child of a nobleman or a beggar; – it would have been hard for the haughtiest stranger to have fixed his station in society. But now he was enveloped in the old calico robes, that had grown yellow in the same service; he was badged and ticketed, and fell into his place at once – a parish child – the orphan of a workhouse – the humble, half-starved drudge – to be cuffed and buffeted through the world, despised by all, and pitied by none. Ch. 1, Oliver Twist, Charles Dickens

Writing effective job descriptions - Emphasis

Writing effective job descriptions Writing effective job descriptions Rob Ashton explains how to write your way to the ideal candidate. Back in January, we lamented that the UK was sitting on a glut of unwanted Christmas presents. Matching present to person is seldom an easy task. It takes time and effort. But in the run up to Christmas, many people would have taken a wild stab in the dark; picking up something passable from a department store and hoping for the best. Little wonder then that the bill for unwanted gifts is an estimated 700 million (according to recent research by eBay and market-research firm TNS). When it comes to choosing a new recruit, no HR professional would ever use this haphazard approach. But sometimes you can outline exactly what you want in a job specification and still end up with the equivalent of a naff jumper. Communicating with prospective candidates is not a perfect science. But its disheartening to trawl through CVs or application forms that bear little relation to the qualities that you carefully described. Not to mention a waste of time and money. In such a situation, the problem is that somewhere along the line, what the hirer meant was lost in translation. And even though they may have received some spot-on applications, theyll be unable to shake the feeling that theyve lost the opportunity to find the largest pool of talented individuals. If thats ever happened to you, the good news is that learning some writing skills techniques can help you to be as clear and concise as possible increasing your chances of finding the ideal people for your positions. So here are my seven tips for writing winning job specifications that will resonate with job hunters. One Examine why you need the role to start with. To do this you can brainstorm using the headings who?, what?, where?, when?, and why? Make sure that the role fits your departmental processes and that you are not empire building. And be realistic about the nature of the role. Whether the role is temporary or permanent, you need to understand the commitment of either structure to the organisation. Two Before you begin writing the job spec, focus your thoughts on the job hunter. Avoid a one-size-fits-all approach by asking yourself: Who will read it? How much do they already know about the prospective job? What do they absolutely need to know? What will excite my ideal candidate? What response do I want from them? Then write a clear description of duties and include the key deliverables. Whether its a junior or senior role, use language that the level of applicant you want to attract will understand even if this includes jargon. But avoid management-speak at all costs. Three Be honest about the duties of the role. In most situations, candidates will appreciate your candour about the level of energy required. And it will help you find someone with the right level of drive. Four Write a summary of your company and department. And include an organisation chart defining where the position sits. It also helps to provide some background information explaining why the role has been created and how it will integrate into the organisation. Five Outline both the hard and soft skills and experience required to make the role a success. Make your writing reader-centred by using words such as you, we and us. Opt for verbs instead of nouns. For example, instead of Were looking for a hardworking consultant for the completion of an IT project write Were looking for a hardworking consultant to complete an IT project. And choose simple words over more complicated ones. Its better to say you want someone enthusiastic (or even keen) rather than someone ebullient. Six Clearly define the location, salary, benefits, duration of contract (if necessary) and start date. And make sure you account for statutory requirements, such as procurement or legal terms and conditions. Seven Finally, ensure your contact details are included and end with a call to action. Something simple such as, If this sounds like you, call the human resources department now will encourage candidates to apply. Remember to keep your focus on your ideal candidate throughout the writing process, and youll increase the chances of securing the perfect match.

Understanding Religious Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Understanding Religious Diversity - Essay Example Considering a person as even a part of Allah’s qualities for worship is forbidden. Messenger of Allah, Muhammad (S.A.A.W) is a man and last prophet of the only god Allah. In Christian religion there are mainly three figure possessing divine powers as god has; Holy mother referred as Maryam (A.S) in Islam, Jesus the son of god is referred as messenger like Muhammad (S.A.A.W) and a simple human being with a blessed soul given by Allah; third figure is god itself. Synonym to god in Islam is Allah. There are only two physical worships or you can say rituals mainly performed by every Muslim all over the world. One is praying to Allah in the same way as Messenger of Allah (S.A.A.W) did. Other is fasting. Fasting is not a unique phenomenon as Jews and Christians are also familiar to fasting. I perform both worships as it is obligatory for every Muslim to perform them. Another ritual called Jihad has two types; one the fight of man within itself against personal fears and evil deeds. Other one is Jihad with sword or weapon; Jihad of person with itself is given more importance than others. Jihad with sword is only an obligation to Muslims when they are attacked by foreign power or fight with them on the basis of religion. Also it is only allowed when given permission by ruler of Muslim country or permission from wife and mother. Terrorists that are propagated as Islamic fighters over the media are not Muslims. The oneness of god and limited obligations to man makes in my opinion more satisfied and brave in character; also Islam provides guidance in every aspect of life from personal to society figure of it. Modern phenomenon as organizational behaviors, business ethics, family and child care and war ethics that are introduced into modern world were taught by Islam 1400 years ago. These are enough proofs to believe in truthfulness of Islam and are the main motivation

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

Case study - Essay Example Even though he was registering a good recovery following his multi-organ surgery in the lungs, kidneys, liver and splenectomy in the high-dependency unit, from the sixth postoperative day, he began to deteriorate, and this called for investigations about the possible aetiology of his sudden deterioration despite initial evidence of recovery. The potential risk factors for his deterioration are multiple bony traumas; multi-organ injuries and surgeries including lungs, liver, kidneys, and spleen; multiple blood transfusions; and hospital-acquired infection in the high-dependency unit. The provisional diagnosis could be one of acquired coagulopathy that may have resulted due to the above risk factors. The provisional diagnosis could be DIC or disseminated intravascular coagulation since the most common signs of this disorder are petechiae, ecchymosis, and oozing from venipuncture sites and catheter sites, as well as bleeding from surgical incisions (Attar et al., 1969, p. 939-965). In some situations, DIC becomes only evident after laboratory analysis with mild or no clinical symptoms at all. As in this case, these patients become symptomatic after stress situations, such as, surgery, or severe infections. The common denominator of DIC is the pathological generation of thrombin, which leads to widespread intravascular depo sition of fibrin and to the consumption of coagulation factors and platelets. DIC is as such not a disease entity, but the consequence of a variety of disorders that diffusely lead to the activation of coagulation mechanisms within the bloodstream (Carey and Rodgers, 1998, 65-73). The formation of thrombi in the microcirculation activates the fibrinolytic process as a compensatory mechanism to lyse the clots. This mechanism generates circulating fibrin degradation products, which in concert with the coagulation deficiencies and thrombocytopenia results in bleeding. DIC occurs in a wide spectrum of diseases.

Symmetry and Group Theory in Relation to Wallpaper Groups

Symmetry and Group Theory in Relation to Wallpaper Groups Mark Anderson 1.1 Group Theory Group Theory was derived from three other areas of mathematics, number theory, the theory of algebraic equations and geometry. The first prominent mathematicians credited with studying group theory were A-L.Cauchy, E.Galois and J-L.Lagrange. Although Lagranges work with groups is probably the earliest research into groups, in the 18th century, his work was rather isolated and the mid-19th century works of Cauchy and Galois are often considered to be the origin of the study of group theory. In his 1770 paper, Lagrange was the first mathematician to study permutations. His objective for the study was to discover why cubic and quartic equations could be solved using the theory of algebra. During his work, while evident permutation group theory is being used in his work, the permutations are never composed and he never discusses groups themselves. Cauchy published his first paper on the topic of permutations in 1815, however, it was not until his work in 1844 that permutations were considered a subject in its own right by introducing many of the key aspects of permutation groups including the notation of positive and negative powers of groups, identifying the power 0 being the identity, the cycle and permutation notation of a group and the order of a permutation. He also proved the conjugacy of permutations if the permutations have the same cycle structure and Cauchys theorem If a prime divides the order of a group, that group has a subgroup of order . Galois had papers published posthumously in 1846 by Liouville after Liouville saw a connection between Galois work and the permutation work of Cauchy from 1844. This work showed that Galois understood the relationship between the structure of a group of permutations related to the equation and the algebraic solution of an equation. To fully show this he created the notion of a normal subgroup. This was the first time the term group had been used in a technical sense. 1.2 Wallpaper Groups The origins of the study of wallpaper groups began as the study of crystallography which was to determine the structure of crystalline solids at the atomic level. It was from this study that many of the proofs for symmetry were discovered and set the foundations for more advanced symmetry groups such as space group which led to the proof of wallpaper groups.          In 1830, J.F.C Hessel discovered the maximum unique combinations of reflections and rotations of a crystal around a fixed point such that the image created is symmetrical to be 32. He proves this using the law of indices which states that the intercepts, OP, OQ, OR, of the natural faces of a crystal form with the unit-cell axes a, b, c are inversely proportional to prime integers, h, k, l. (IUCR, 2016). This is illustrated in the image below. All 32 combinations with crystallographic symmetry were then found geometrically in 1835 by M.L Frankenheim. Using the theory of crystal classes discovered by Hessel, A. Bravais systemized the theory and classified the 14 spacial lattices, which we now know as Bravais Lattices. These lattices are defined as infinite arrays of discrete points in a 3-Dimensional plane created by a set of operations described by Using both Hessels and Bravais work E. Fedorov and A.M Schà ¶nflies proved the existence of the 230 space groups in 1891. These space groups are Bravais lattices that have been reflected or rotated in any of the 32 unique point groups discovered by Hessel. These space groups within a 2-dimensional plane are the 17 wallpaper groups, which although known for centuries was only proved after the proof of space groups was already completed. A group is defined as a non-empty set under a binary operation, i.e. addition, multiplication etc. In order to be classified as a group, it must maintain four conditions: closure, associativity, identity and inverse. Let be a group with a binary operation Closure: For every element belonging to the group , the result of every two elements under the binary operation on the group is equal to another element of the group. i.e. then . Associativity: If three elements belong to the group then the order the operation is performed on the three elements will not affect the outcome. i.e. If the . Identity: There exists an element in the group such that when the binary operation is applied to it and any other element in the group, the outcome is equal to the other element. i.e. such that . Inverse: For every element in the group there is another element in such that when the two elements are under the operation the outcome is equal to the identity. i.e. such that A simple example of a group is the group of integers under the operation of addition (. This can be proved by showing the group satisfies the four axioms as stated above. Any integer added to any other is another integer, so the group is closed. Addition is associative, the identity of the group is 0 as any , and the inverse of any integer is as . A basic symmetry group to understand how symmetry is related to group theory is the symmetries of the rectangle. This group contains the linear transformations that leave the rectangles origin in place i.e. rotations and reflections. This shows there are 4 symmetries of the rectangle as shown in Figure 2. This can be displayed in multiple ways including Cayley tables, matrices and as permutations References International Union of Crystallography, 2016. Law of Rational Indices. [Online] Available at: http://reference.iucr.org/dictionary/Law_of_rational_indices[Accessed 26 February 2017]. Kleiner, I., 2004. The Evolution of Group Theory: A Brief Survey. [Online] Available at: https://www.math.lsu.edu/~adkins/m7200/GroupHistory.pdf[Accessed 24 February 2017]. OConnor, J. J. Robertson, E. F., 1996. The Development of Group Theory. [Online] Available at: http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/HistTopics/Development_group_theory.html[Accessed 24 February 2017].

Blood Passion Ludlow and Class War in the American West Essay

Introduction                      The Book Blood Passion: Ludlow and Class War in the American west is a narrative exploration of the most violent labor showdowns in the history of America. It portrays the deaths of seventy-five people who were killed in a period of seven months. It explores the guerilla war that erupted at the brink of collapse of political structures whereby only the intervention of the U.S army could end it. The book by Scott Martelle provides insight into the life and times of the miners in Colorado at a time when working in the mines was just as dangerous as living above the mines. The author of the book brings to life through vivid pictures taken during the times of the war. He tries to summarize the fact that there had been lawless killing of miners who had been on strike for more than fifteen months. The miners had been kicked out of their company homes when they had begun the strike, but they had built a tent colony for both themselves and their families. However, the Baldwin-Felts detectives who had been hired to protect the mines were given instruction to remove all strikers from the company’s vicinity, which consequently led to the guerilla wars that followed, killing men, women and children. The author states that the miners had the right to strike given the fact that they lived in the company houses where they paid rent, shopped in the company’s shops and drank in the company’s saloon, but later, their wages were cut by ten percent. On the other hand, the Baldwin-Felts detectives who had been hired had fought harassed and killed union miners at the same time carrying out evictions. For this reason, the author states that the miners were fighting for their livelihoods against a system that was trumped by greed and prejudice. However, the thesis proposed by the author is not fully developed because he claims that this incident â€Å"marked the beginning of the modern era of labor disputes† (Martelle, 3). This is because he did not compare this strike with the other strikes in other locations and other industries where the same number or slightly fewer numbers of fatalities were recorded. There are also some weaknesses in the author’s arguments because his side of the story was too rigid and did not consider the miner’s traditional views of gender roles and at the same time working in an all-male working environment. He also did not mention the Catholic and Greek Orthodox religions, which played a major role in intensifying the miners’ fury against the guards and their depredations against women. By his statement that this was one of the defining moments for American labor histories, Martelle did not contradict himself. Although his evidence was one sided, the incidents that happened under John D. Rockefeller were a defining moment. The book is an efficient source of historical information when it comes to the Colorado incident that was recorded by history. For instance, the author lays note of the letter written by Lamont Montgomery Bowers who was Rockefeller’s man in Colorado who suggested a reduction of wages by ten percent. This is a piece of valuable evidence that gives insight into the escalation of the guerilla warfare between the company guards, the detectives, the mineworkers and innocent bystanders who were caught up in the crossfire. The Ludlow Massacre has helped to shape labor management in the 20th century because of the evidence brought up during a time when lawlessness was the order of the day. It serves as a cautionary reference about a market that was unregulated and the consequences of not having strong labor unions that fight for the workers. Although the labor market has been revolutionized since those fateful days, the Ludlow Massacre serves as a turning point for this advancement. There are some biases that spring up when reviewing the book. One of it is that the book focuses mainly on the plight of the miners while it should consider the economic times of the massacre. It was during this time that the coal, fuel and steel had become a precious commodity for American trade. Fuel, like oil and coal, had been the driving factors for the modern America where tough decisions had to be made. Although companies made fortunes from the mining of coal, the book does not focus on the impact that the strikes would have in case the production stopped in Southern Colorado, as compared to other coal-mining regions. The Ludlow Massacre clearly depicts misuse of power by individuals and corporations in positions of power and authority such as John D. Rockefeller and his cronies. Modern labor laws allow that the power should not be misused regardless of position of power of the amount of wealth that an individual has. The book describes Lamont Montgomery to have had a smart su it and a twitchy push broom mustache. It also states that even after a heated debate with the federal mediator, Bowers came out as the winner of the suit as a result of his affiliation. In conclusion, the Ludlow Massacre has been a pivotal point of reference in modern day labor laws. The importance of the memory of those fateful years traverses any economic or political affiliation that any scholar might have. However, it also shows the plight of mine workers and labor unions in a time when the country was gaining ground in terms of development and economic awareness. Reference Martelle, Scott. Blood passion: the Ludlow Massacre and class war in the American West. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 2007. Print. Source document